Ethanol (CH3CH2OHl) + KMnO4 ----> Ethanal (CH3CHO) -----> Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH) Primary Alcohol Oxidized ---> Aldehyde Oxidized---> Carboxyilic Acid You could attain Ethanal by using the oxidizing agent Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCC) anhydrously.
For preparation of standard solution of Mohr salt {FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O}, it's necessary to add dilute H2SO4 to prevent the Fe2+ ions of Mohr salt solution from undergoing oxidation (to Fe3+). Just try to prepare the standard solution without adding this acid. You'll observe that your "Mohr solution" will become yellow in colour, i.e., it won't remain "Mohr salt solution" anymore, hence can't be used in titration. And while doing the titration of the Mohr salt solution with KMnO4 (or even with K2Cr2O7), you need to add dilute H2SO4. The reason is well explained by the chemical equation involved: reduction: (MnO4)- + 8H+ + 5e ----> Mn2+ + 4H2O oxidation: Fe2+ ----> Fe3+ + e net equation: (MnO4)- + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ ----> Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+ There is involvement of H+ ions in this reaction. This redox titration requires acidic medium. Moreover, KMnO4 acts as a very good oxidizing agent in the presence of acidic medium, than in the basic and neutral medium. NOTE: Now a query may arise that for providing acidic medium, can HCl or HNO3 be used? (Let me tell you it's one of the favourite questions of external examiners) The answer is NO, because HNO3 is a very strong oxidizing agent. So, the Fe2+ present will be oxidized both by KMnO4 and HNO3, which will result in an error in determination of volume of KMnO4 reacting with Mohr salt solution. Also, HCl can't be used because Cl- from HCl will be oxidized by KMnO4: HCl (aq) ---> H+ (aq) +Cl- (aq) oxidation by KMnO4=> 2Cl- ----> Cl2 + 2e So, some extra KMnO4 will be used up because it will oxidize both- Cl- as well as Fe2+, => error in titration
amount of media a society consumes and produces.
Chemically defined media contain precise amounts of well-defined nutrients, making it easier to control experimental conditions. Complex media are composed of natural ingredients like yeast extract and peptone, whose exact composition may vary. This makes complex media suitable for supporting the growth of a wider range of organisms but can make it more difficult to reproduce experimental results.
Sterility can be confirmed by observing the media for absence of microbial growth after incubation, checking for turbidity or cloudiness in the media, and ensuring there is no foul smell. Additionally, using aseptic techniques during media preparation and handling can help ensure sterility. A positive control can also be included to verify that the media is capable of supporting microbial growth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OHl) + KMnO4 ----> Ethanal (CH3CHO) -----> Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH) Primary Alcohol Oxidized ---> Aldehyde Oxidized---> Carboxyilic Acid You could attain Ethanal by using the oxidizing agent Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCC) anhydrously.
For preparation of standard solution of Mohr salt {FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O}, it's necessary to add dilute H2SO4 to prevent the Fe2+ ions of Mohr salt solution from undergoing oxidation (to Fe3+). Just try to prepare the standard solution without adding this acid. You'll observe that your "Mohr solution" will become yellow in colour, i.e., it won't remain "Mohr salt solution" anymore, hence can't be used in titration. And while doing the titration of the Mohr salt solution with KMnO4 (or even with K2Cr2O7), you need to add dilute H2SO4. The reason is well explained by the chemical equation involved: reduction: (MnO4)- + 8H+ + 5e ----> Mn2+ + 4H2O oxidation: Fe2+ ----> Fe3+ + e net equation: (MnO4)- + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ ----> Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+ There is involvement of H+ ions in this reaction. This redox titration requires acidic medium. Moreover, KMnO4 acts as a very good oxidizing agent in the presence of acidic medium, than in the basic and neutral medium. NOTE: Now a query may arise that for providing acidic medium, can HCl or HNO3 be used? (Let me tell you it's one of the favourite questions of external examiners) The answer is NO, because HNO3 is a very strong oxidizing agent. So, the Fe2+ present will be oxidized both by KMnO4 and HNO3, which will result in an error in determination of volume of KMnO4 reacting with Mohr salt solution. Also, HCl can't be used because Cl- from HCl will be oxidized by KMnO4: HCl (aq) ---> H+ (aq) +Cl- (aq) oxidation by KMnO4=> 2Cl- ----> Cl2 + 2e So, some extra KMnO4 will be used up because it will oxidize both- Cl- as well as Fe2+, => error in titration
Potassium nitrate is commonly used in plant tissue culture media as a nitrogen source. It provides essential nutrients for plant growth and development, promoting cell division and overall plant growth. Additionally, potassium nitrate helps regulate osmotic potential and pH levels in the medium, contributing to the overall health and vigor of the plant tissue culture.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) is used as a nutrient source in yeast culture media for its source of phosphate and potassium. These nutrients are essential for carbohydrate metabolism in yeast, supporting processes like glycolysis and fermentation. The presence of KH2PO4 helps optimize the growth and productivity of yeast cells during fermentation processes.
Advantages of non-aqueous titration include the ability to analyze compounds with limited solubility in water and lower background interference from water. Disadvantages include the complexity of handling non-aqueous solvents and the potential for compatibility issues with certain analytes. Aqueous titration, on the other hand, is more convenient and less expensive to conduct but may be limited by the solubility of the compounds being analyzed in water.
a traditional media is a media that is traditional
Cable media is a type of media which is known as cable media :)
Media = medium
a traditional media is a media that is traditional
multi media, interactive media, and on demand media
Temporal Media and Non-Temporel media.
analog media means analog media.