ATP
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the molecule directly required for the operation of the sodium-potassium pump. ATP provides the energy needed to transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients.
Oxygen is the atmospheric molecule required for the complete breakdown of glucose. This process, known as cellular respiration, occurs in the presence of oxygen to convert glucose into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Carbon is the element required to be a part of a molecule to make it organic. Organic compounds are those that contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
water molecule H2O
Four electrons are required for the complete reduction of one molecule of oxygen gas (O2) to form two molecules of water (H2O).
The number of atoms required to form a molecule depends on the specific molecule. Covalent molecules can range from 2 atoms (e.g., H2) to thousands of atoms (e.g., proteins). Ionic compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions arranged in a structure, not individual molecules.