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In chemistry, isomers (from Greek ισομεÏης, isomerès; isos = "equal", méros = "part") are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, etc. (see chart below). There are two[citation needed] main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).
Compounds that have different connectivity of atoms but the same molecular formula are called constitutional isomers. For example, butane and isobutane are constitutional isomers since they have the same molecular formula (C4H10) but different structures. Other examples include pentane and neopentane, as well as ethanol and dimethyl ether.
Isomers are different compounds that share the same molecular formula. There are two major types of isomers: constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers are "different compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded, that is, their connectivity" (Solomons and Fryhle, 6). These structural differences typically give rise to differences in the physical and chemical properties of constitutional isomers.
For example, acetone and propylene oxide and acetone are constitutional isomers. Both compounds have the molecular formula C3H6O; however, the connectivity of the atoms is very different. The structural formula of acetone is C3H6O, while the structural formula of propylene oxide is CH3CHCH2O. A striking difference between these compounds is the central carbon atom of acetone connects to the oxygen via a double bond, while the propylene oxide contains no double bond but rather has three atoms joined in a ring. To be certain, the constitutions of these compounds are different.
Works Cited
Solomons, Thomas W., and Craig B. Fryhle. Organic Chemistry. 10th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000. Print.
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Indicate whether the following pairs of compounds are constitutional isomers stereoisomers or identical molecules?
Ethanol and dimethyl ether: Constitutional isomers. 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane: Constitutional isomers. Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene: Stereoisomers.
What is the relationship between keto and enol tautomers?
Keto and enol tautomers are constitutional isomers that interconvert by the movement of a proton. Keto tautomers have a carbonyl group, while enol tautomers have a hydroxyl group connected to a carbon-carbon double bond. These two forms are in equilibrium with each other in certain compounds.
What are compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangements of atoms in space called?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
How many constitutional isomers are available for C3H7?
There are five constitutional isomers for C3H7. They are propane, methylpropane (isobutane), dimethylmethane (neopentane), ethylmethyl (butane), and trimethylmethane (isopentane).
What are the constitutional isomers of hexane CH3CH24CH3?
The constitutional isomers of hexane (C6H14) are: n-hexane (normal hexane) 2-methylpentane 3-methylpentane
isomers?
Compounds that have the same atoms (molecular formula) but different in the connectivity between the atoms are constitutional (formerly 'structural') isomers.
Indicate whether the following pairs of compounds are constitutional isomers stereoisomers or identical molecules?
Ethanol and dimethyl ether: Constitutional isomers. 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane: Constitutional isomers. Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene: Stereoisomers.
What is an organic compound with identical molecular formulas that differ in the order the atoms are connected?
Isomers are organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. These structural isomers can differ in the order the atoms are connected, leading to different properties and reactivities. An example of structural isomers are n-pentane and isopentane, both with the molecular formula C5H12.
What is the relationship between keto and enol tautomers?
Keto and enol tautomers are constitutional isomers that interconvert by the movement of a proton. Keto tautomers have a carbonyl group, while enol tautomers have a hydroxyl group connected to a carbon-carbon double bond. These two forms are in equilibrium with each other in certain compounds.
What is the term for compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different molecular shape?
Isomers.
What are compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangements of atoms in space called?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
How many constitutional isomers are available for C3H7?
There are five constitutional isomers for C3H7. They are propane, methylpropane (isobutane), dimethylmethane (neopentane), ethylmethyl (butane), and trimethylmethane (isopentane).
Where can you find information about isomers?
Information about isomers can be found in all chemistry text books. Isomers are compounds which have the same molecular layout but have a different structure.
How are organic compounds classified if they have with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are classified as structural isomers. These isomers have different arrangements of atoms within their structures, which can lead to differences in their physical and chemical properties. Examples of structural isomers include chain isomers, functional group isomers, and positional isomers.
What are the constitutional isomers of hexane CH3CH24CH3?
The constitutional isomers of hexane (C6H14) are: n-hexane (normal hexane) 2-methylpentane 3-methylpentane
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures?
isomers
What is the molecular formula of the simplest alkane capable of having constitutional isomers?
The simplest alkane capable of having constitutional isomers is propane (C3H8).
