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The toluene molecule consists of a methyl group single-bonded to a benzene ring. The benzene ring consists six bonds that are modeled as resonance-stabilized single bonds. In other words, the shorthand representation shows alternating single and double bonds between the carbons in the rings, but experimentally all bonds are of equal strength somewhere between that of single and double bonds.
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Is toluene or hexane more nonpolar?
Hexane is more nonpolar than toluene because it is an alkane with only C-H bonds, while toluene has a benzene ring which introduces some polarity due to the presence of pi bonds.
Why toluene has a dipole moment?
Toluene has a dipole moment because it is a polar molecule. This is due to the difference in electronegativity between the carbon and hydrogen atoms. The net dipole moment in toluene is not very strong because the polarity of the C-H bonds cancel each other out to some extent.
Is toluene polar nonpolar or ionic?
Toluene is nonpolar. It is composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, which have similar electronegativities, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of charge around the molecule. Due to this balanced charge distribution, toluene does not have a significant dipole moment and is considered nonpolar.
What type of chemical bond is there in C7H8?
C7H8 contains primarily covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, which is the case in most organic molecules like C7H8 (toluene).
Why is it that aniline has a high boiling point to phenol and phenol has a high boiling point than toluene and toluene has a high boiling point than benzene?
Aniline has a higher boiling point than phenol because aniline can form strong hydrogen bonds due to the presence of an amino group. Phenol has a higher boiling point than toluene because phenol molecules can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds because of the hydroxyl group. Toluene has a higher boiling point than benzene due to the presence of a bulky methyl group which increases Van der Waals forces between toluene molecules.
