Active transport is moving substance against its gradient so it requires an input of energy to achieve this. One example is Na K ATPase. This is a secondary active transporter that pumps 3x Na out of the cell for 2x K into the cell. There are so much more Na outside the cell and already a lot of K inside the cell so to push the molecules there is an expenditure of ATP to do this.
In the electron transport chain (ETC), electrons play a crucial role in transferring energy down the chain of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As electrons move through the ETC, they drive the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient that is used to generate ATP through the process of chemiosmosis. This ATP produced is a critical energy source for various cellular functions.
I think it's electrons.
Electrons are a part of atoms. They are subatomic particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom and carry a negative charge. Electrons are involved in various chemical reactions and play a crucial role in the behavior of matter.
The electrons in the outer shell of an atom are called valence electrons. These electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of an element, including its reactivity and ability to form bonds with other atoms.
The nature of an atom's electrons is that they are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. Electrons play a key role in chemical reactions and bonding between atoms.
Electrons that inhabit specific energy levels or orbitals in an atom are called "valence electrons." These electrons play a key role in determining an atom's chemical properties and how it interacts with other atoms.
emitting electrons
a volcanic cell has electrodes and electrons flow through electrodes .
It provides electrons and protons.
Electrons (that too the valence electrons or electrons in the outermost shell / orbital) are involced in bond formation.
Lone pair of electrons are highly unstable and highly reactive and plays major role in the chemical bonding.
strong force
The term you are looking for is "valence electrons." Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of an element.
I think it's electrons.
The valence electrons are the only electrons involved in chemical bonding. In covalent bonding sharing occurs In ionic bonding electrons are tranferrred In metallic bonding they are deloclaised across the lattice
electrons are part of atoms.
Electrons are a part of atoms. They are subatomic particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom and carry a negative charge. Electrons are involved in various chemical reactions and play a crucial role in the behavior of matter.
It provides the electrons. Process is called Photolysis