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Normality for concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is typically 18 N, as sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid, meaning each molecule can donate two hydrogen ions. This value is calculated based on the molarity of the acid and the number of protons it can donate.
The highest molarity an acid can have is a concentration of 18.0 M for hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water at room temperature. However, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) can have a molarity of 18.4 M.
To prepare 0.02 N sulfuric acid, dilute concentrated sulfuric acid with water in a specific ratio. For example, to prepare 100 ml of 0.02 N sulfuric acid, you would mix 0.4 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (98% purity) with 99.6 ml of water. It's crucial to handle concentrated sulfuric acid with caution due to its corrosive nature.
Non-concentrated sulfuric acid refers to a diluted form of sulfuric acid where the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than typical concentrated sulfuric acid solutions which are around 95-98% purity. Non-concentrated sulfuric acid is often prepared by mixing a specific amount of concentrated sulfuric acid with water to achieve the desired concentration for a particular application.
Concentrated sulfuric acid typically contains around 98% sulfuric acid by weight. This means that for every 100 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid, 98 grams are sulfuric acid and the remaining 2 grams are water.