Alpha Rays are attracted to a negatively charged plate because they consist of positively charged particles.
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Cathode rays are deflected away from a negatively charged plate because they are negatively charged particles themselves. Like charges repel each other, so the negative cathode rays are pushed away from the negative plate.
In Thomson's experiment, the glowing beam was repelled by a negatively charged plate because the beam consisted of negatively charged particles (electrons). Since like charges repel each other, the electrons in the beam were repelled by the negative charge on the plate.
One piece of evidence is the observation that cathode rays are deflected by electric and magnetic fields, indicating they carry charge. Further evidence comes from the fact that cathode rays produce X-rays when striking a target, which is consistent with the behavior of charged particles like electrons. Additionally, the ratio of the charge to mass of the particles in cathode rays was found to be the same as that of electrons.
Thompson's evidence came from observing the deflection of the beam in a magnetic field. By observing the direction of the deflection and comparing it to the known behavior of negatively charged particles, he inferred that the beam contained negatively charged particles.
Placing the article to be plated at the cathode allows for a controlled deposition of metal ions from the electrolyte onto its surface. The high electric field at the cathode attracts the positively charged metal ions, promoting the formation of a uniform and adherent metal coating on the article.
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