Fractional distillation is a manufacturing process that separates the different components (i.e. fractions 1/2 in a chemical mixture according to their different boiling points. The liquid is raised to boiling and vapors pass through a tubular column where temperature is gradually lowered along its length. Components (fractions) with a higher boiling point condense on the column and return to the solution. Fractions with a lower boiling point pass through the column and are collected. Gasoline, kerosene and naphtha are fractions separated from crude oil using fractional distillation.
Here's more in simple,
the basic principle of fractional distillation is of using the different boiling points of elements(parts) in a compound(a mixture). A fractional distillation process is done in a cylinder which has different compartments having different temperature points. When the mixture is kept in the cylinder, the elements which have the same boiling point as in the compartment it is in, it vaporizes and moves out through a pipe. The mixture goes on vaporizing as the temperature increases and at last all the elements are removed in separated drums where they are condensed and brought back to their normal state.
Another way of putting it is:
Fractional distillation differs from distillation only in that it separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. A tall column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with low boiling points condense at the top. Like distillation, fractional distillation works because the different substances in the mixture have different boiling points.
The simplest way is:
Fractional distillation is a form of distillation which is used when more than two liquids with different boiling points are to be separated.
Electrolysis is a process, fractional distillation another.
fractional distillation is usually use to separate the constituents of crude oil, into petroleum, jet fuel, asphalt, kerosene, and others. Most oil based products are separated by fractional distillation.
This is an distillation installation with columns.
Distillation is a method for the separation of liquids components.
Distillation is used frequently.
Fractional distillation is used to separe the components of a liquid.
Electrolysis is a process, fractional distillation another.
After fractional distillation petrol is not a mixture.
Whether it is better to use fractional or simple distillation depends on the liquids being separated and on the boiling points of the liquids. When there is a great difference between the boiling points of the liquids, simple distillation may be a better option. Likewise, if there is a small difference in boiling points, then fractional distillation is used.
Most of the gases in air, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and others are obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air.
fractional distillation is usually use to separate the constituents of crude oil, into petroleum, jet fuel, asphalt, kerosene, and others. Most oil based products are separated by fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation is applied when many components exist an the differences between boiling points are under 25 oC.
this is where liquid air changes back to various gases.
fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is a separation method based on the differences between boiling poins of components.
This is an distillation installation with columns.
This is the top of a distillation installation.