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A non-metal ion is typically called an anion. An anion is an ion with a negative charge due to having gained electrons.
PO4^3- is a polyatomic ion called phosphate, which is composed of phosphorus and oxygen. Phosphorus is a non-metal.
Iodine is a non-metal. It forms the iodide ion (I-) when it gains one electron.
Ammonium is not an element by itself, but rather a polyatomic ion that is composed of a positively charged ammonium ion (NH4+) and a negatively charged non-metal atom.
Bicarbonate is a non-metal compound. It is an ion that consists of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, commonly found in compounds such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).
The energy released during the ionization of a non-metal is called the ionization energy. It represents the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom to form a positively charged ion.