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Oswald Avery determined that DNA was the transforming factor in his experiments with bacteria, showing that it was responsible for transmitting genetic information. This discovery was a critical step in understanding the role of DNA as the genetic material in living organisms.
The variable in Oswald Avery's experiment was the type of enzyme used to break down the polysaccharide capsule in the heat-killed S strain bacteria. By using different enzymes, Avery was able to determine which specific molecule was responsible for transforming the R strain bacteria into the pathogenic S strain.
Oswald Avery tested molecules called DNA, RNA, and proteins in his experiment on the transforming principle in bacteria. He discovered that DNA was the molecule responsible for carrying genetic information and causing hereditary changes in bacteria.
The transforming principle contains DNA molecules. These molecules were identified by scientists Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 as the substance responsible for the transfer of genetic information in bacterial cells.
Hershey and Chase's use of radiolabeled bacteriophages demonstrated that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material. This supported Avery's earlier research that implicated DNA as the carrier of genetic information. The radiolabeled phages showed that only the DNA component, not the protein component, entered bacterial cells and played a role in reproduction.
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