The number of electrons of the element needs to lose or gain to have a full valence shell (apex)
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The most likely oxidation state of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons it has. Elements tend to react in a way that allows them to achieve a full outer electron shell, often following the octet rule. This leads to the most common oxidation state for that element.
The element with the lowest oxidation state on the periodic table is Francium.
The oxidation state of an element is determined by the number of electrons it loses or gains when forming a compound. It depends on the element's position in the periodic table and its ability to either lose or gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The rules for assigning oxidation states are based on the idea that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
One example of an element that can have an oxidation number of +4 is titanium. Titanium can form compounds where it exhibits an oxidation state of +4, such as in titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Vanadium is an element that commonly exhibits an oxidation state of +5.
An element's most likely oxidation state is often related to its valence electrons because elements tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The number of valence electrons an element has can determine how many electrons it will gain or lose to reach a full or empty outer shell, resulting in a specific oxidation state.