A buffer is made up of an acid and its conjugate base.
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A weak acid or base and its conjugate salt make up a buffer solution. Buffers help maintain a stable pH by resisting changes in hydrogen ion concentration when acids or bases are added.
To make a 0.04 M phosphate buffer with pH 6, you can use a combination of monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4). Calculate the ratio of the two components based on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to achieve a pH of 6. Adjust the volume of water added to reach the desired concentration of 0.04 M.
A buffered solution is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). These components work together to maintain the pH of the solution by resisting changes in acidity or basicity when small amounts of acids or bases are added.
The two main contributors to the buffer capacity of blood are bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hemoglobin. Bicarbonate ions help regulate pH by acting as a major buffer system in the blood, while hemoglobin can bind to hydrogen ions as a buffer in red blood cells.
To prepare a 0.055M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2, mix sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) in the correct proportions. The exact concentrations of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 needed to achieve pH 7.2 will depend on the specific buffer system and temperature. It is recommended to use a buffer calculator or consult a buffer table to determine the appropriate ratio of the two components to achieve the desired pH.
To prepare a sodium phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8, mix the appropriate amounts of monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) in water. Adjust the ratio of the two components to achieve the desired pH using a pH meter or a buffer calculator.