Malleable
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If an element can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking, it is said to be malleable.
A material that can be permanently deformed without breaking is said to be plastic. This means it can undergo a shape change under stress and retain that new shape once the stress is removed.
The property of metals to be drawn out into thin wires is called ductility. This allows metals to be stretched into wire or other thin forms without breaking.
Changes that continue unaided are said to be spontaneous. These are changes that occur naturally without the need for external influence or intervention.
Antoine Lavoisier is the scientist who proposed that matter is made of many elements and is widely considered the founder of modern chemistry.