Since sodium has atomic number 11, its electronic configuration is untill 3s1. This means the valence shell has 1 electron, so it has 1 valence electron.
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A sodium atom has 1 valence electron. Sodium belongs to group 1 of the Periodic Table, which means it has 1 electron in its outer shell.
8 electrons which equals the atomic number
Boron has three electrons in its outer shell
The Atomic Number tells us the position of the element in the Periodic Table. It also tells us the number of protons and electrons in an atom of that element. The Atomic Mass/Weight is different. The Atomic Mass is the total numbers of nucleons ( protons and neutrons) in the nucleus of an atom. For a given element the atomic mass can vary. This is because the nucleus may have a different number of neutrons. These different masses of a given element are named 'Isotopes'.
Yes, nitrogen forms a diatomic molecule (N2) held together by a triple covalent bond. Each nitrogen atom shares three electrons with the other nitrogen atom, resulting in a very stable molecule due to the strong bond formed by overlapping atomic orbitals.
Sulfur has 16 electrons in its neutral state. Argon has 18 electrons. Therefore, Sulfur would need to gain 2 electrons to have the same electron configuration as Argon.