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When substances change state, energy is either absorbed or released. During melting and boiling, energy is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces holding the substance together, while during freezing and condensation, energy is released as these forces are formed. This energy change is due to the breaking or forming of bonds between molecules.
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What happens to substances as they lose or gain energy?
As substances lose energy, they tend to decrease in temperature and may change state (e.g. solid to liquid). Conversely, as substances gain energy, they tend to increase in temperature and may change state in the opposite direction (e.g. liquid to gas).
Is energy flow involved in a change in state?
Yes, energy flow is involved in a change in state. When a substance changes state, such as from solid to liquid, energy is either absorbed or released. This energy is needed to break the bonds between molecules in the solid state or to form new bonds in the liquid state.
What does a chemical change form?
A chemical change forms new substances with different chemical properties from the original substances involved in the reaction. This can include changes in color, odor, temperature, or state of matter.
When substances are given energy they may change state This is a physical change If they do not receive enough energy to change state they will still experience a physical change What is this call?
This is called a non-phase change physical change. It refers to a change in physical characteristics or properties of a substance without the substance transitioning from one state to another (e.g., melting, freezing).
How can energy be conserved if a substance must gain or lose thermal energy to change state?
Energy can be conserved during a change of state because the thermal energy absorbed or released during the process is used to break or form intermolecular bonds, rather than being lost. This means that the total energy within the system remains constant, although it is distributed differently among the substances involved.
