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ProfessorThe DNA sequence encodes the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which in turn determines the protein's structure and function. The specific sequence of amino acids determines how the protein folds into its three-dimensional structure, which ultimately determines its function in the body. Any changes in the DNA sequence can result in alterations to the protein structure and function, leading to potential health consequences.
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Why is it so important that the order of base pairs stays the same?
The order of base pairs in DNA contains vital genetic information that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Any alteration in the sequence could result in changes to the protein structure, affecting its function or leading to genetic mutations. Consistent base pair order ensures accurate replication and maintenance of genetic information during cell division.
What is directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is directly determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene that codes for that protein. This process occurs during protein synthesis, where the genetic information is transcribed from DNA to mRNA and then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids.
How is DNA through the process of protein synthesis responsible for traits?
DNA carries the instructions for building proteins through the process of protein synthesis. These proteins are responsible for various traits in an organism, such as physical characteristics and biochemical functions. The sequence of DNA nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which ultimately determines an organism's traits.
What determines the different shapes and functions of proteins?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique shape and function. This sequence is specified by the DNA sequence of the gene that encodes the protein. Through a process called protein folding, the amino acid chain folds into a specific three-dimensional shape that enables the protein to carry out its specific function.
If a mutation occurred during the formation of a protein that substituted an amino acid with a reactive R group for one that had a nonreactive R group how might this affect the reactivity?
The mutation could potentially increase the reactivity of the protein if the substituted amino acid with the reactive R group allows for new chemical reactions to occur. On the other hand, if the nonreactive R group is essential for the protein's normal function, the mutation could disrupt the protein's activity. Ultimately, the effect on reactivity would depend on the specific amino acids involved and the role they play in the protein's structure and function.
