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using fractional distillation. first crude oil is heated up until it turned to gas and the residue (bitumen) goes through the most bottom pipe to be used for tar macing roads. The fractionating column has different fraction that are at different temperatures (gets colder as you go up). And because hydrocarbons got different boiling point (the longer the hydrocarbon, the higher the boiling point), the gas then travels up and as certain hydrocarbons got to the fraction below their boiling point they turn from gas to liquid and go through the pipe to be used.
The fractional distillation goes in this order:-
(shortest chain/lowest boiling point)
LPG
Petrol
Paraffin
Light Gas Oil
Diesel
Lubricating Substances
Bitumen
(longest chain/highest boiling point)
Hope this help! (if not don't blame me, I'm only 14!)
Hydrocarbon molecules can be separated through processes such as distillation, which takes advantage of differences in boiling points, or through techniques like chromatography, which separates compounds based on their affinity for a stationary phase. Additionally, techniques like fractional distillation or fractional crystallization are used to separate hydrocarbons based on differences in their physical properties.
Using the process of photothenthesis or oxydation of the cardobons in hydrocloric acid materials
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Do hydrocarbon molecules always contain hydrogen carbon and oxygen atoms?
No, hydrocarbon molecules only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen atoms are not typically found in hydrocarbons.
What is a molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen called?
A hydrocarbon.
What are Hydrocarbon molecules are generally what?
Hydrocarbon molecules are organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are the simplest form of organic compounds and can vary in size and complexity, from small, simple molecules like methane to larger, more complex molecules like long-chain alkanes or aromatic compounds.
Why don't the hydrocarbon molecules breakdown into hydrogen and carbon atoms when they are heated during fractional distillation?
Hydrocarbon molecules do not break down into hydrogen and carbon atoms during fractional distillation because the process involves controlled heating to vaporize and separate the components based on their boiling points. At the temperatures used in fractional distillation, the hydrocarbon molecules do not undergo significant chemical reactions to break apart into individual atoms. Instead, they remain intact and are separated based on their different boiling points.
Why Is Petrol Called Hydrocarbon?
Petrol is called a hydrocarbon because it is primarily composed of molecules containing hydrogen and carbon atoms. The main components of petrol are hydrocarbons such as octane, which is a chain of eight carbon atoms bonded together with hydrogen atoms.
Does longer hydrocarbon molecules have higher boiling points than short hydrocarbon molecules?
yes
What small hydrocarbon molecules form polymers?
Monomers are small hydrocarbon molecules that form polymers.
What are two types of detergent molecule?
The most probable type of a molecules in the detergents is the hydrocarbon molecules and the sodium molecules. The sodium molecules binds to water while the hydrocarbon molecule binds to grease.
What is achieved in the process of cracking?
In the process of cracking, large hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil are broken down into smaller, more valuable molecules such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. This helps to increase the yield of desirable products from the refining process.
What fuel can be separated from water molecules?
Hydrogen can be separated from water molecules :)
What elements are present in hydrocarbon molecules?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Do short hydrocarbon molecules flow easily?
yes
Are short hydrocarbon molecules volatile?
Yes, short hydrocarbon molecules are typically volatile because they have low molecular weights and weaker intermolecular forces, allowing them to easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. Examples of short hydrocarbon molecules include methane, ethane, and propane.
Why is hydrocarbon important?
it makes smaller molecules which is more useful.
What type of reaction is cracking an example of?
Cracking is an example of a chemical reaction, specifically a pyrolysis reaction where a large hydrocarbon molecule is broken down into smaller hydrocarbon molecules by heat and/or catalysts.
Do hydrocarbon molecules always contain hydrogen carbon and oxygen atoms?
No, hydrocarbon molecules only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen atoms are not typically found in hydrocarbons.
When the carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible is an unsaturated hydrocarbon is produced?
No, when the carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, a saturated hydrocarbon is produced. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms.
