RCHO + 2CuSO4 + 4NaOH ----> RCOOH + Cu2O + 2Na2SO4 + 2H2O
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The reaction between an aldehyde and Fehling's reagent (a mixture of copper(II) sulfate and sodium hydroxide) results in the formation of a brick red precipitate of copper(I) oxide. This can be represented by the following equation: Aldehyde + 2Cu2+ (in Fehling's reagent) + 5OH- -> 2Cu2O + 3H2O + 4e-
The reaction between an aldehyde and acidified potassium permanganate (KMnO4) typically results in oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. The general equation for this reaction is RCHO + KMnO4 + H+ → RCOOH + MnO2 + K+.
Aldehyde + Acidified potassium permanganate (KMnO4) undergoes oxidation, resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: Aldehyde + 2[KMnO4] + 3[H2SO4] → Carboxylic acid + 2[MnSO4] + K2SO4 + 3[H2O].
The reaction of an aldehyde with NaOH forms sodium salt of the corresponding carboxylic acid. The general equation is: Aldehyde + NaOH -> Sodium salt of carboxylic acid + H₂O.
The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed first and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. To find the limiting reagent, you need to compare the moles of each reactant to see which one is present in the smallest amount relative to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) can be used to give a characteristic yellow or orange precipitate when reacted with ketones and aldehydes, forming a derivative that is commonly referred to as a 2,4-DNP derivative. This test is known as the Brady's test or 2,4-DNP test.