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RNA has both a phosphate group in its backbone and a hydroxyl group on the ribose sugar in its structure. The phosphate group connects the nucleotides in RNA's backbone, while the hydroxyl group distinguishes RNA from DNA, which has a hydrogen atom in its place.
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Is a phosphate DNA or RNA?
A phosphate group is found in both DNA and RNA. It is an essential component of the nucleotides that make up the backbone of the DNA and RNA molecules.
Is a Phosphodiester bond a covalent bond?
Yes, a phosphodiester bond is a type of covalent bond that links nucleotides in DNA and RNA molecules. It forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of the sugar of another nucleotide.
What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?
A phosphodiester bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide when linking nucleotides to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. This bond involves the condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the 5' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide.
What functional group phosphate is found in?
Phosphate is found in the functional group phosphate, which consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is commonly involved in energy transfer reactions and as a component of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What are examples of a phosphate group?
Examples of phosphate groups include: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), DNA and RNA nucleotides, and phospholipids found in cell membranes.
What chemical group is at the end of the 5 prime end of DNA strand?
5' - phosphate group 3' - hydroxyl group
What binds the phosphate group to the next group?
In a nucleic acid, the phosphate group is bound to the next group (either another phosphate or a sugar) by a phosphodiester bond. This bond forms between the phosphate group's phosphate (-PO4) and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the next group. The bond is formed through a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is removed.
Does RNA contain a phosphate group like DNA?
Yes, RNA contains a phosphate group in its backbone, just like DNA. The phosphate group is important for forming the sugar-phosphate backbone that gives RNA its structure and stability.
RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional?
The sugar in RNA, ribose, has an additional hydroxyl (OH) group compared to DNA's sugar, deoxyribose. This extra hydroxyl group in RNA affects its stability, structure, and function compared to DNA.
Why does RNA polymerase work in direction 5' to 3' not from 3' to 5'?
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction because it adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA chain. This directionality is due to the requirement for a free 3' hydroxyl group on the last nucleotide in the chain for the addition of the new nucleotide.
Why primary RNA is unstable?
Primary RNA is unstable because it contains introns that need to be removed before the mRNA is translated into proteins. These introns are non-coding regions that can be targeted for degradation, making the primary RNA molecule prone to degradation. Additionally, primary RNA may be subject to nucleases that can break it down before it is fully processed into mature mRNA.
Phosphate groups can be esterified at any hydroxyl group on a pentose nucleotide What position is the most common?
The most common position for esterification of a phosphate group on a pentose nucleotide is the 5' carbon of the sugar. This is because it is the primary site for linking nucleotides in DNA and RNA chains.
Is a phosphate DNA or RNA?
A phosphate group is found in both DNA and RNA. It is an essential component of the nucleotides that make up the backbone of the DNA and RNA molecules.
Do both DNA and RNA nucleotides have a phosphate part?
Yes, they have a phosphate group.
What type of bonds holds the sugar and phosphate groups together?
Phosphodiester bonds hold the sugar and phosphate groups together in DNA and RNA molecules. These bonds form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3'-hydroxyl group of the sugar in the adjacent nucleotide.
What is a sugar group of RNA?
A sugar group in RNA refers to the ribose sugar molecule that forms the backbone of the RNA molecule. It is a crucial component that helps make up the structure of RNA, along with the phosphate group and nitrogenous bases. The ribose sugar in RNA differs from the deoxyribose sugar in DNA by having an extra hydroxyl (-OH) group.
What is the difference in chemical structure between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate?
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has a ketone group and two hydroxyl groups, while glyceraldehyde phosphate has an aldehyde group and one hydroxyl group. Both molecules are three-carbon compounds involved in the glycolysis pathway. Glyceraldehyde phosphate is an intermediate in glycolysis, while dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate.
