In electrical insulators electrons are not able to move freely.
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In insulators, electrons are tightly bound to their respective atoms, which restricts their movement and makes the material a poor conductor of electricity. This lack of freely moving electrons is why insulators are used to prevent the flow of electric current.
In the Bohr-Rutherford model, conductors have outer electrons that are loosely bound and can easily move around, allowing electric current to flow through them. Insulators have outer electrons that are tightly bound and do not move easily, restricting the flow of electric current. Conductors typically have one to three electrons in their outer shell, while insulators have five to eight electrons in their outer shell.
Materials with electrons loosely bound to atoms tend to conduct electricity well due to the ease with which the electrons can move freely. This can result in high electrical conductivity in the material.
Insulators are materials that do not conduct electricity. They have tightly bound electrons that do not move easily, preventing the flow of electric charge through them. Examples of insulators include rubber, plastic, glass, and wood.
An insulator is a material that does not transfer charge easily. Insulators have tightly bound electrons that do not move freely, which prevents the flow of electric current through the material. Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, and plastic.
Free electrons in a metal are called conduction electrons. These are loosely bound to the metal lattice and are able to move freely throughout the material, allowing metals to conduct electricity efficiently.