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Alternating RNA splicing refers to a process in which different exons are included or excluded in the final mRNA transcript, leading to the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. This process enables cells to generate diverse protein products from a limited number of genes, contributing to cellular complexity and functional diversity. Dysregulation of alternative splicing has been associated with various diseases, including cancer.
During gene expression a regulated process is alternating RNA splicing. It has a single gene coding that is used for many proteins.
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What is a sugar phosphate backbone?
A sugar phosphate backbone is a structural component of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. It consists of alternating sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) and phosphate groups that are connected by covalent bonds, providing stability to the nucleic acid molecule. The nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA; adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA) are attached to the sugar moiety in the backbone.
Which type(s) of RNA is (are) involved in protein synthesis?
The three main types of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). The mRNA carries the message from the DNA, which controls all of the cellular activities in a cell. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, tRNA and rRNA are encoded in the DNA, then copied into long RNA molecules that are cut to release smaller fragments containing the individual mature RNA species.
Does RNA contain phosphoric acid?
Yes, RNA contains phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid molecules link together to form the backbone of the RNA molecule, connecting the individual nucleotide building blocks. This backbone is crucial for the stability and structure of RNA molecules.
What is the backbone of nucleic acid polymers composed of?
The backbone of nucleic acid polymers is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, while in RNA, the sugar is ribose. The phosphate groups link the sugars together to form a chain.
The molecule that contains an anticodon is?
transfer RNA (tRNA).
What is the process called which removes introns from RNA?
RNA splicing
Difference between protein splicing and RNA splicing?
Protein splicing involves the excision of intervening peptide sequences called inteins from a precursor protein to produce the final functional protein, while RNA splicing involves removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA. Protein splicing occurs post-translationally in the protein after translation, while RNA splicing occurs co-transcriptionally during mRNA processing.
How do introns and exons relate to RNA splicing?
Introns are non-coding sequences in DNA that are removed during RNA splicing, while exons are the coding sequences that are joined together to form the final mRNA transcript. RNA splicing is the process by which introns are removed and exons are joined together to produce a mature mRNA that can be translated into a protein.
How is trna produced?
like all other RNA, by translation of DNA into a pre-RNA, the processing (eg. splicing)
What is self splicing?
Self-splicing is a process in which certain RNA molecules can remove their own introns without the need for proteins or enzymes. This occurs in some RNA molecules known as ribozymes. Self-splicing can involve a variety of mechanisms, such as transesterification reactions, to excise unwanted regions of the RNA molecule.
What are the kinds and functions of RNA molecule?
its function is to link amino acids during protein synthesis, and in a variety of RNA processing reactions, including RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.
What types of molecules catalyze RNA splicing?
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are the main group of molecules that catalyze RNA splicing. These snRNPs consist of both RNA and protein components, and they play a crucial role in the spliceosome complex, which is responsible for catalyzing the removal of introns and joining of exons during pre-mRNA processing.
What might be an advantage of RNA splicing?
the spliced exons are rejoined together and form a smaller mRNA.
What is the function of snRNA?
snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is involved in RNA splicing, a process in which introns are removed from pre-mRNA molecules, and exons are joined together to produce the final mRNA transcript. snRNAs combine with protein factors to form small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that recognize specific sequences at the splice sites and facilitate the splicing process.
During splicing which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?
The molecular component of the spliceosome that catalyzes the excision reaction during splicing is the RNA component known as the catalytic RNA or ribozyme. It is responsible for the cleavage and ligation of the precursor messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, ensuring the removal of introns and joining of exons to generate mature mRNA.
Does splicing occur in prokaryotes?
Yes, splicing does occur in prokaryotes. In prokaryotes, the process is known as group II intron splicing, which involves the removal of introns from RNA transcripts without the involvement of spliceosomes. Group II introns self-splice by forming a lariat structure and catalyzing their own removal from the RNA sequence.
What are spliceosomes composed of?
Spliceosomes are composed of a mixture of proteins and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These components work together to remove introns from pre-mRNA molecules during the process of RNA splicing. Additionally, spliceosomes form a complex structure that helps catalyze the splicing reaction.
