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What is petroleum byproducts?
Petroleum byproducts are secondary products that are derived during the refining process of crude oil. Crude oil, when extracted from the earth, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other compounds. In order to obtain useful products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and others, crude oil is refined through a series of processes. During this refining, several byproducts are produced which have their own set of applications. Some common petroleum byproducts include: **Asphalt**: Used for paving roads and roofing materials. **Paraffin Wax**: Used in candles, packaging, and cosmetics. **Lubricating Oils**: Used in machinery and engines. **Naphtha**: A volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture which can be used as a solvent or in making some chemicals. **Tar**: Used for road construction and roofing. **Petroleum Coke**: Used in the production of electrodes for the steel and aluminum industries. **Sulfur**: Extracted during the refining process and used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and other chemicals. **Petrochemicals**: These are chemicals derived from petroleum and are used as raw materials in a wide range of products such as plastics, synthetic rubber, dyes, resins, and more.
What are the pros and cons of using petroleum coke?
Petroleum coke is cheaper than coal; therefore, the economics of the process can be improved by substituting coke for coal. Petroleum coke cannot simply be substituted 100% for coal due to hardness issues and combustibility issues. Usually an existing plant may use petroleum coke as a 20% substitute for existing coal use. This results in problems. Now your workers have to handle both coal and coke separately and ensure the intended blend ratio is maintained in order to maintain operability. There are specific materials handling issues than can make the discount less advantageous than is immediately apparent. Equipment such as cranes, conveyors, and crushers may frequently break down and may need to be spared in order to keep the process running. Also if the source of the petroleum coke is not locally available supply disruptions may occur based on price changes in petroleum coke (or in bunker fuel or marine diesel oil (MDO) which is used by the ships that carry coke). For instance shipping petroleum coke from the United States to China is only economical when petroleum coke is above a certain price is China. Petroleum coke may also increase the SOx (sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide) emissions from the plant. Options to mitigate the emissions impact include buying higher priced, lower sulfur coal and/or coke to blend into the fuel mix. This negatively affects the economics of the original planned coke substitution. In the case of a grassroots project designed to burn petroleum coke (such as a circulating fluidized boiler, (CFB) ), the economics can be much more favorable. Even in this case environmental permitting issues and petroleum coke supply issues should be evaluated before starting the project. Due to recent concerns with carbon dioxide regulations and ever more strict sulfur emissions regulations, permitting solid fuel boilers has become more difficult throughout the world; however, the economics of using petroleum coke can still pay off depending on the required payback period of the project.
What is the meaning of petrochemicals?
"Petrochemicals" refers to a vast array of chemical compounds that are derived from petroleum and natural gas. These chemicals are often used as raw materials in the production of an even broader range of industrial and consumer products. The term "petrochemical" breaks down into "petro-" which relates to petroleum, and "chemical" which refers to the substances made from these hydrocarbon raw materials. The petrochemical industry essentially processes these hydrocarbons to produce a variety of chemicals and polymers. Some common petrochemicals and their applications include: **Ethylene:** Used in the production of polyethylene (a type of plastic), ethylene glycol (used in antifreeze and polyester fibers), and other polymers. **Propylene:** Utilized to make polypropylene (another type of plastic), propylene oxide (used in making certain types of foam and resins), and other derivatives. **Butadiene:** Used in making synthetic rubber and other polymers. **Benzene:** A precursor to a variety of chemicals including styrene (for polystyrene production), phenol (used in resins and plastics), and other chemicals. **Toluene:** Can be used to make benzene and other chemicals or used directly in products like paints and thinners. **Xylenes:** Employed in the production of terephthalic acid (used for making polyester) and various other chemicals. These are just a few examples, and the list is extensive. Many everyday items, ranging from plastic containers to synthetic fibers in clothing, owe their existence to petrochemicals.
What is a modern fire bomb made out of?
The modern fire bomb is made out of a number substances. Some of these substances include gun powder fissile, fussionable and source materials.
What is the name of the company that manufactures perchloric acid?
There are several companies who produce Perchloric acid. These include the Federal Equipment Company, Prasol, Vertex Chemical Corporation and Continental Chemical USA.
Petroleum and hazardous lquid pipeline structures include?
Pump stations
The duties of which department include the administration of oil and gas pipeline?
transportation
Imports and exports of India?
Imports of India include crude petroleum, refined petroleum, electronics, and copper ore. India's exports include refine petroleum, cars, rice, jewelry, and broadcasting equipment.
In what goods does the petroleum and coal products industry specialize?
Products in this industry include calcined petroleum coke, regular petroleum coke, fireplace logs, fuel briquettes, or petroleum waxes, independently of petroleum refineries.
What is Imported and what is Exported in Egypt?
Some items exported by Egypt include crude petroleum, gold, and petroleum gas. Imported items include corn, wheat, and refined petroleum. In 2013, Egypt's GDP was $262 billion.
WHAT ARE the other names of petroleum?
Other names for petroleum include crude oil, fossil fuel, and black gold.
What type of materials were left behind at brownfield site?
Common materials left behind at brownfield sites include petroleum products, heavy metals, solvents, pesticides, and other hazardous substances. These materials can pose risks to human health and the environment if not properly managed and remediated.
What are India's imports and exports?
India has a number of imports and exports. Some imports include crude petroleum, gold, and silver. Some exports include petroleum products, gems, as well as jewelry.
What are some examples of substances hazardous to the environment?
Examples of substances hazardous to the environment include pesticides, heavy metals like lead and mercury, oil and petroleum products, and industrial chemicals like PCBs and dioxins. These substances can pollute air, water, and soil, harm wildlife and aquatic ecosystems, and pose risks to human health. Proper handling and disposal of these substances is crucial to minimize their impact on the environment.
What is Italy's main import?
Italy's main import is crude petroleum. Other important imports include petroleum gas, cars, packaged medicaments and refined petroleum. By contrast, Italy's main exports are refined petroleum and packaged medicaments.
Main exports and imports of Thailand?
The main exports of Thailand include refined petroleum, computers, rubber and gold. The main imports are vehicle parts, crude petroleum, petroleum gas and much more.
What are Imports that Europe has?
some imports include automobiles, oil, petroleum, and technology.
