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Apertures perform two functions. First is to control the amount of light entering the camera through the lens. Each aperture setting has an f number i.e.; f5.6, f8 etc.. The second function of apertures to to control depth of field - the amount of sharpness in front of and behind the subject focused upon. The smaller the aperture the less sharpness in front and behind the subject becomes. A larger aperture gives a greater amount of sharpness. The f numbers come from dividing the diameter of the hole in the diaphram into the focal length of the lens. F8 hole size divides approx. 8 times into the focal length.

Each aperture is equal to half or double the value of the other. In other words from F8 to F16 reduces the amount of light by half and from F8 to F5.6 increases the amount by twice. To keep the ratio of light falling onto the focal plane after setting the aperture you need to change the shutter speed to get proper exposure. Like apertures shutter speeds that stop movement have the same values when changing form one to another. Moving from 1/125th sec to 1/250 halves the light and changing from 1/60th to 1/30th doubles it. This is why apertures and shutter speeds work together. The choice of which would be governed by the subject in hand.

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