Modern DE submarines do have limited O2 generation capability, though the main reason it's limited is due to the enormous power consumption that electrolosis requires. Even on the surface with their diesel engines running, the electrical output just isn't enough for sustained O2 generation of any magnitude, and submerged battery operations negate using it. Nuclear Powered submarines generate more than enough power to produce enough oxygen to stay submerged indefinitely.
Electrolysis of water produce hydrogen.
electrolysis
water
Many months! The biggest limitation is the amount of food they can carry for the crew. The actual limits are classified. Submarines can produce their own air and water and with nuclear power they could stay submerged indefinitely. The limiting factor is the amount of storage space (there is not much) on a sub for food and the the size of the crew onboard that consumes it. The larger SSGN's can stay submerged longer than the SSN's because they have more storage space.
It can be produced by electrolysis of water. Which disassociates the Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules.
electrolysis
Brine and chlorine produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2) after electrolysis.
Yes, water is the reactant responsible for that.
In modern submarines, the electrolyser separates oxygen from hydrogen in seawater to produce breathable oxygen. There is also a scrubber that removes excess CO2 from the air.
Electrolysis itself is not bad for the atmosphere. However, the process of electrolysis often requires a large amount of electricity, which may come from sources that produce greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. It is important to ensure that the electricity used in electrolysis comes from renewable sources to minimize its environmental impact.
Covalent compounds do not undergo electrolysis because they do not dissociate into ions in solution to conduct electricity. In order for electrolysis to occur, there needs to be free-moving ions in the solution to carry the current. Covalent compounds remain as intact molecules with strong bonding, so they do not produce the necessary ions for electrolysis.
They are gas powered and produce the same CO2 and pollution as any other gas powered unit. They just produce a little bit less of it.