the pole that holds up the sail is called the mast
If you mean the vertical poles to which sails are attached, these are called masts.
The vertical pole is called a "Mast". The horizontal poles (on 3-masted ships for instance) are called "Arms" or "Yardarms".
A sail boat or yacht.
a pole is used on symmetrical boats, or a boat that has the spinnaker, or kite, out in front of it. An A-Symmetrical boat puts the spinnaker to the side. A-Symmetrical boats use a bowsprit to hold the sail out in front of the boat, but Symmetricals use a pole. it clips onto the mast of the boat, and the other ends holds the sail.
A steering wheel on a sail boat is still called a steering wheel.
The boom is the horizontal pole attached to the bottom of a sailing boat's mast to which the lower edge of the sail is attached.
You can't sail a boat to the exact North Pole because it is covered in thick ice. As you approach the pole, the ice becomes too dense for a boat to navigate through. Additionally, the extreme cold temperatures and hazardous conditions make it impossible for boats to reach that far.
sprit
Presuming you are referring to a gaff-rigged main sail, that diagonal pole would be the boom.
The vertical pole on a sailboat is called the mast, but at the bottom of the sail is horizontal pole called a boom. On the Tall Ships, the horizontal pole AT THE TOP of the sail is called the yardarm.
The pole on a sailboat is called the mast.