cement is the binder for concrete like glue with out it you have mud with rocks
The correct spelling is cement (concrete, glue, or verb to firmly join).
Super glue doesn't work well on concrete. It's much more suited to use on smooth non-permeable surfaces.
The glue in concrete is cement, which binds the other ingredients like sand, gravel, and water together. When mixed with water, cement undergoes a chemical reaction called hydration, forming a strong and durable material that hardens and sets.
None. PVC is not made to be glued to concrete.
you have to sand blast it off
Glue made for that purpose.
Epoxy if not much to glue. PL200 in caulk tubes if there is lots to glue.
Carpet glue by its nature is extremely sticky as it is made to keep a rug from moving. If you need to get the glue off of a concrete floor you can use a floor grinder. You can also scrape it.
A lot depends if any weight is going to be suspended on the glue. -If not, I would use a construction adhesive like PL200.
An epoxy like Araldite or similar .
Yes, but don't use it. Lacquer thinner is petroleum based and should work to dissolve the glue (depends on what type of glue). However, even if it does work, concrete is naturally porous and the petroleum product will actually stain the concrete. It would most likely leave a strong smell and once the vapors dissipated, dirt would collect.