Pigeons are very hardy animals, and sporting and utility breeds can withstand up to -40 degrees Fahrenheit (but if it were to get that cold, I would still provide a heat lamp, etc). Fancy breeds are not as strong and cannot withstand the same extremes, but still can withstand cold enough temperatures that if you shouldn't have to worry about it as long as they are protected from the wind, rain, and drafts. As hardy as pigeons are when it comes to cold, remember that pigeons cannot withstand heat nearly as well, and heatstroke can be a real problem. Make sure your pigeons are not exposed to direct mid-day sunlight for extended periods of time. However, direct sunlight is just fine as long as they have shade, too.
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Pigeons are cold weather birds and could adapt to warm regions but not live in the artic. In snowy countries pigeons fly longer.