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When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal tubule cells in the kidneys, it increases the water permeability of the tubules, allowing them to reabsorb more water from the urine. As a result, less water is excreted, leading to concentrated urine production and helping to regulate the body's water balance.
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What are the cells that respond to the effects of a hormone called?
Target cells are the cells that have specific receptors for a hormone and are responsive to its effects. These cells can be located throughout the body and are capable of producing a physiological response once the hormone binds to its receptor.
Do hormones enter cells through exocytosis or pinocytosis?
Hormones typically enter cells through specific receptor-mediated endocytosis, a form of pinocytosis. The hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface, initiating a process in which the hormone-receptor complex is internalized into the cell through vesicle formation. Hormones are not typically released by cells through exocytosis; instead, they are released into the extracellular space to exert their effects on target cells.
Which neurotransmitter receptor is present on the sarcolemma?
Acetylcholine receptor is present on the sarcolemma of the muscle cells. This receptor is responsible for transmitting the signal to initiate muscle contraction when acetylcholine binds to it at the neuromuscular junction.
What types of cells take calcium from the blood?
Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, can take calcium from the blood to build and strengthen bones. Additionally, some specialized cells in the kidneys called distal convoluted tubule cells play a role in regulating calcium levels by reabsorbing or excreting calcium as needed.
What feature of target cells allows hormonal action?
Target cells have specific receptors on their surface that can bind to hormones. These receptors are typically highly specific, allowing the hormone to deliver its message only to cells that have the appropriate receptor. Once the hormone binds to the receptor, it triggers a series of intracellular events that ultimately lead to the desired cellular response.
The cells of the distal convoluted tubule which monitor changes in urine volume and osmolarity are called what?
The cells in the distal convoluted tubule that monitor changes in urine volume and osmolarity are known as macula densa cells. They are sensitive to the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate passing through the tubule and help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.
Why does hormone act only on specific cell types in a organism and not others?
Hormones can only be detected by cells that have the specific receptor which binds to the hormone. This means that the hormone only acts on the cells with its receptor and the other cells do not respond.
Is the responsiveness of cells to hormones determined by the presence or absence of specific hormone receptor proteins?
Yes, the responsiveness of cells to hormones is determined by the presence of specific hormone receptor proteins on the cell surface or inside the cell. When a hormone binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a cellular response. Cells without the specific receptor for a hormone are not able to respond to that hormone.
What hormone regulates sodium re absorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
Aldosterone is the hormone that regulates sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It acts on the epithelial cells of the tubule to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water, helping to maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure in the body.
What forms of vesicular transport processes are used by flu viruses diphtheria and cholera toxins to enter your cells?
Flu viruses enter cells through endocytosis, a process where the cell engulfs the virus in a vesicle formed from the cell membrane. Diphtheria toxin enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, where the toxin binds to a cell surface receptor and is internalized. Cholera toxin is taken up by clathrin-dependent endocytosis, where the toxin binds to a receptor on the cell surface and is internalized in clathrin-coated vesicles.
Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?
The macula densa cells in the distal convoluted tubule are the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron. They detect changes in sodium chloride content of the filtrate passing through the tubule and help regulate the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.
What are the cells that respond to the effects of a hormone called?
Target cells are the cells that have specific receptors for a hormone and are responsive to its effects. These cells can be located throughout the body and are capable of producing a physiological response once the hormone binds to its receptor.
Do hormones enter cells through exocytosis or pinocytosis?
Hormones typically enter cells through specific receptor-mediated endocytosis, a form of pinocytosis. The hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface, initiating a process in which the hormone-receptor complex is internalized into the cell through vesicle formation. Hormones are not typically released by cells through exocytosis; instead, they are released into the extracellular space to exert their effects on target cells.
Which neurotransmitter receptor is present on the sarcolemma?
Acetylcholine receptor is present on the sarcolemma of the muscle cells. This receptor is responsible for transmitting the signal to initiate muscle contraction when acetylcholine binds to it at the neuromuscular junction.
What happens when a single particle binds onto a receptor on the cells surface?
It all depends on the receptor and the particle. Nothing may happen if they don't match up like a lock and key. Or a change in the cell may occur.
What are the Parts of the virus and the human cell that bind together?
The spike proteins on the surface of the virus bind to specific receptors on the surface of human cells. For example, in the case of COVID-19, the spike protein of the virus binds to the ACE2 receptor on human cells, facilitating entry of the virus into the cell.
What types of cells take calcium from the blood?
Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, can take calcium from the blood to build and strengthen bones. Additionally, some specialized cells in the kidneys called distal convoluted tubule cells play a role in regulating calcium levels by reabsorbing or excreting calcium as needed.
