The stratum basale (the bottom layer of cells in the epidermis) functions to provide a constant source of new cells to form the skin. This counterbalances the number of cells lost at the surface.
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Dividing cells found at the base of the epidermis are responsible for continual growth and regeneration of the epidermal layer. These cells undergo mitosis to produce new cells, which then move upwards, differentiating into specialized skin cells as they mature to replace the older cells shed from the skin surface.
Blood cells and muscle cells are not found in the epidermis. The epidermis mainly consists of keratinocytes, which are the primary type of cells in the outer layer of the skin.
The reproducing cells of the epidermis are found in the stratum basale or basal layer, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis. These cells continuously divide and give rise to new skin cells that eventually migrate to the surface of the skin.
The majority of cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes. These cells produce the protein keratin, which helps the skin to form a protective barrier. Other cell types in the epidermis include melanocytes (produce melanin for skin color) and Langerhans cells (involved in immune responses).
Melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis in the skin, specifically in the stratum basale. Merkel cells are found in the epidermis of the skin, primarily in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum layers.
The epidermis grows from the basal layer of the skin, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis. New skin cells form in this basal layer and gradually move to the surface of the skin as they mature.