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Polyadenylation is a process in which a poly(A) tail is added to the 3' end of a newly synthesized mRNA molecule. This poly(A) tail helps to stabilize the mRNA molecule and plays a role in the export of the mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. Polyadenylation also signals the termination of transcription.

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Q: What is polyadenylation mechanism?
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What is the polyadenylation mechanism?

Polyadenylation is a process in which a string of adenine nucleotides is added to the 3' end of a newly synthesized mRNA molecule. This poly(A) tail plays a crucial role in mRNA stability and regulation, as well as in the process of protein translation. The polyadenylation mechanism is mediated by several proteins that recognize specific sequences on the mRNA molecule and facilitate the addition of the poly(A) tail.


Where does polyadenylation occur?

Polyadenylation occurs at the 3' end (the back) of an mRNA strand in the nucleus of the cell. This act of polyadenylation creates a polyadenine (polyA) tail. mRNA cannot leave the nucleus of the cell unless polyadenylation occurs. PolyA tails seem to protect integrity of the mRNA molecule, which is exposed to multiple proteins that can degrade it once shipped to the cytoplasm


Where does polyadenylation take place?

Polyadenylation takes place in the cell nucleus after a pre-mRNA molecule has been transcribed but before it is processed into a mature mRNA molecule. During polyadenylation, a string of adenine nucleotides, known as a poly(A) tail, is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA.


What happens to mRNA when it leaves a ribosome?

Once mRNA leaves a ribosome, it can be degraded by cellular enzymes or recycled for further rounds of translation. It may also undergo additional modifications, such as polyadenylation, to stabilize or target it for degradation. Ultimately, the fate of mRNA depends on various factors within the cell.


What happens before messenger RNA is mature?

Before messenger RNA (mRNA) is mature, it undergoes several post-transcriptional modifications. These modifications include capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. Capping involves adding a modified guanine nucleotide at the 5' end, splicing removes introns to create a mature mRNA sequence, and polyadenylation adds a poly-A tail at the 3' end.


What are the three main ways through which an mRNA strand is modified between transcription and translation?

The three main ways mRNA strand is modified are 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing. 5' capping involves adding a modified nucleotide at the 5' end to protect the mRNA from degradation. 3' polyadenylation involves adding a string of adenine nucleotides at the 3' end to stabilize the mRNA and regulate its translation. RNA splicing is the removal of non-coding regions (introns) and joining of coding regions (exons) to form a mature mRNA molecule.


What happens right after the end of transcription?

After transcription, the mRNA produced is modified through processes like capping and polyadenylation. This modified mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it can be translated into a protein by ribosomes.


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