Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the surrounding tissues. This network allows efficient gas exchange to occur in the lungs.
Alveolus is a single structure in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, while alveolar sac is a cluster of alveoli where multiple gas exchange processes happen simultaneously. Alveolar sacs are made up of multiple alveoli grouped together.
An oxygen molecule must pass through four cell layers to move from an alveolus into the bloodstream: the alveolar epithelial cells, the capillary endothelial cells, and their basement membranes. This process is essential for oxygen exchange in the lungs.
The lipid-based molecule that coats the air-exposed surface of the alveolus is called pulmonary surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse and allowing for efficient gas exchange in the lungs.
When an oxygen molecule moves from inside an alveolus to the hemoglobin of a red blood cell, it crosses two plasma membranes. The first is the alveolar epithelium's plasma membrane, separating the alveolus from the capillary, and the second is the red blood cell's plasma membrane, where the oxygen binds to hemoglobin for transport. Plasma membranes are the outer boundary of cells that regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
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The adjective for alveolus (singular) or alveoli (plural) is alveolar.
mammary alveolus
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Alveolar macrophage cells work to clear particles from the alveolus by phagocytosis. If this process is overcome by continued build up of particles then the alveolus becomes damaged. Once an alveolus is blocked there isn't much you can do.
A special feature is quite simply an add-on. It is not part of the actual film or product, but was added on for your pleasure.
One alveolus is a singular, tiny air sac of the lung, surrounded by a network of capillaries, and through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. A cluster of such air sacs are alveoli (plural of alveolus).
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