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Once inside a cell, the virus releases its DNA or RNA (which contains the information needed to create new virus particles) and takes control of some aspects of the cell's metabolism. The components of the virus are then manufactured inside the cell and must be properly assembled for the virus to be released and remain infectious.
When a viral DNA enters a host cell, it can integrate into the host cell's DNA. This integration can lead to the host cell producing viral proteins, which can result in the replication and spread of the virus.
In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA can maintain a separate existence from the host DNA, but the host DNA replicates the viral DNA. The replicated viruses eventually become so numerous that the cell bursts releasing the new viruses which can then affect more cells. Another viral mechanism, the lysogenic cycle, involves combining the viral DNA with the host DNA, which will be passed on to daughter cells during cell reproduction. Eventually, during unfavorable, conditions, the lytic cycle will occur, and the infected cells will start replicating viruses, which will then eventually cause the cell to burst, releasing the new viruses.
The process is performed by reversed transcriptase protein and is called reverse transcription.
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Describe what happens to the host cell of a lysogenic virus?
In lysogenic infection, the virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA and replicates along with the cell. The host cell continues to divide and function normally, unaware of the viral DNA present. Over time or upon activation, the integrated viral DNA can switch to the lytic cycle, causing the cell to produce new virus particles and ultimately lyse (burst) to release them.
What are the 3 stes of lysogenic infection?
The three stages of lysogenic infection are attachment, insertion (integration) of viral DNA into host DNA, and replication of the viral DNA along with host DNA.
Which of the following lists the steps of HIV replication in the correct order?
Attachment: HIV binds to host cell receptor. Entry: HIV enters host cell. Reverse transcription: Viral RNA is converted into DNA by reverse transcriptase. Integration: Viral DNA is integrated into host cell DNA. Transcription: Viral DNA is transcribed into RNA. Translation: Viral RNA is translated into viral proteins. Assembly: New viral particles are assembled. Budding: Newly formed viruses bud off from host cell.
What are the differences between alytic infection and lysogemic infection?
In a lytic infection, the virus enters the host cell, takes over the cell machinery to replicate itself, and then destroys the host cell to release new viral particles. In contrast, in a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA and remains dormant without causing immediate harm; the viral DNA can be activated to enter the lytic cycle under certain conditions.
What is viral DNA incorporated in bacterial DNA called?
Viral DNA incorporated in bacterial DNA is called a prophage.
Where does the newly produced viral DNA go?
The newly produced viral DNA typically enters the host cell's nucleus and integrates into the host cell's DNA. This allows the virus to hijack the cell's machinery and replicate itself.
Describe what happens to the host cell of a lysogenic virus?
In lysogenic infection, the virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA and replicates along with the cell. The host cell continues to divide and function normally, unaware of the viral DNA present. Over time or upon activation, the integrated viral DNA can switch to the lytic cycle, causing the cell to produce new virus particles and ultimately lyse (burst) to release them.
What happens after genetically modified plasmids inserted into bacteria?
Plasmids are cloned and start producing protein .
What enzyme inserts viral DNA into the host's chromosomal DNA?
The enzyme responsible for inserting viral DNA into the host's chromosomal DNA is called integrase. Integrase plays a crucial role in the integration of the viral genome into the host cell's DNA, allowing the virus to replicate and persist within the host cell.
Why do viruses depend in host cells?
Viruses are composed of protein and DNA. The DNA encodes the protein as well as the DNA for the virus. Viruses depend on host cells because they are incapable of reproducing themselves. They enter the host cell and the viral DNA is inserted into the host DNA. The virus then "hijacks" the host cells replication machinery to make more viral protein and viral DNA.
What are the 3 stes of lysogenic infection?
The three stages of lysogenic infection are attachment, insertion (integration) of viral DNA into host DNA, and replication of the viral DNA along with host DNA.
Which of the following lists the steps of HIV replication in the correct order?
Attachment: HIV binds to host cell receptor. Entry: HIV enters host cell. Reverse transcription: Viral RNA is converted into DNA by reverse transcriptase. Integration: Viral DNA is integrated into host cell DNA. Transcription: Viral DNA is transcribed into RNA. Translation: Viral RNA is translated into viral proteins. Assembly: New viral particles are assembled. Budding: Newly formed viruses bud off from host cell.
What are the differences between alytic infection and lysogemic infection?
In a lytic infection, the virus enters the host cell, takes over the cell machinery to replicate itself, and then destroys the host cell to release new viral particles. In contrast, in a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA and remains dormant without causing immediate harm; the viral DNA can be activated to enter the lytic cycle under certain conditions.
What is the viral DNA that has attached to a host cell's chromosomes and that is replicated with the chromosome's DNA?
The viral DNA that has integrated into a host cell's chromosome is called a provirus or prophage. This integrated viral DNA is replicated along with the host cell's DNA during cell division, allowing the virus to be passed on to daughter cells.
What makes copies of viral DNA?
During the process of viral replication, the virus uses host cells to produce copies of its viral DNA. This process typically involves the virus injecting its genetic material into the host cell's nucleus, where it hijacks the cell's machinery to replicate its DNA. This results in the production of multiple copies of the viral DNA, which can then be packaged into new viral particles.
What is the fourth step during the multiplication of retrovirus?
The fourth step in retrovirus multiplication involves the integration of the viral DNA into the host cell's genome by the viral enzyme integrase. This integrated viral DNA, called a provirus, becomes a permanent part of the host cell's DNA and can be replicated along with the host cell's DNA during cell division.
The viral reproductive cycle in which a phage injects its DNA into a host cell and the DNA is inserted into the host cell's chromosome is called the?
lysogenic
