The protective outer layer of both animal and plant cells is called the cell membrane. It regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment and protecting it from external threats.
The outer layer of the skin, called the epidermis, is mostly made up of dead skin cells called keratinocytes. However, the deepest layer of the epidermis contains living cells that are responsible for producing new skin cells.
Cellulose
The outer layer of the hair shaft is called the cuticle. It consists of overlapping layers of thin cells that help protect the hair strand and give it its strength and flexibility.
Cells in the epidermis are constantly being replaced through a process called cell turnover. New cells are produced in the basal layer of the epidermis, and as they mature, they move towards the surface where they eventually die and are sloughed off. This process ensures that the epidermis remains a protective barrier for the skin.
cell membrane
ep·i·der·mis /ˌepiˈdərmis/NounThe outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular.The surface epithelium of the skin of an animal, overlying the dermis.Synonymscuticle - scarfskin
The protective outer layer of both animal and plant cells is called the cell membrane. It regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment and protecting it from external threats.
The outer layer of the skin, called the epidermis, is mostly made up of dead skin cells called keratinocytes. However, the deepest layer of the epidermis contains living cells that are responsible for producing new skin cells.
Cellulose
crust
The outer layer of the epidermis is full of scale like that frequently flake off. These cells are pushed to the surface as they begin to die.
stratum germinativum layer is the deepest layer of five epidermis layer which is the outer covering of skin in mammals. It is a continuous layer of cells which is often described as one cell thick but to the reality it is two to three cells thick in glabrous skin and hyper proliferative epidermis.
The outer layer of roots and stems, called the epidermis, develops from the protoderm, which is one of the three primary meristems in plant growth. The protoderm gives rise to the outer protective layer of cells that covers the plant's surface.
Crust is the hard outer surface of something, typically the earth or a baked food such as bread or pie. In geology, the Earth's crust is the outermost layer of the Earth's surface, consisting of a variety of rocks and minerals.
The lower epidermis is the term used to define the lower level of the outermost layer of skin, be this in plant or animal tissue. In animal tissue it's function is the creation of new skin cells, whilst in plants it contains special cells known as stomata which are responsible for gaseous exchange, and the absorption of oxygen and discharge of carbon dioxide. The outer epidermis is the skin's surface layer, which protects the body from infection by surface bacteria and from damage by rough contact with external bodies.
The outer layer of a cell is the cell membrane or plasma membrane