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Fermentation of one molecule of glucose produces 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule.
Fermentation does not produce ATP molecules during cellular respiration. Instead, fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue. This process does not directly generate ATP.
Glycolysis is the sole source of ATP production in cells using fermentation only. During fermentation, glycolysis breaks down glucose to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Both lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation produce energy in the form of ATP for cells. Lactic fermentation results in the production of lactic acid, while alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
During fermentation, a small amount of ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. This process involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. However, compared to aerobic respiration, fermentation produces much less ATP overall.