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(From Wikipedia; slightly paraphrased to make it easier to understand.)
During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, one molecule of the pigment chlorophyll absorbs one photon (unit of light) and loses one electron. This electron is passed to a modified form of chlorophyll (called pheophytin), which passes the electron to a quinone molecule (another pigment), allowing the start of a flow of electrons down an "electron transport chain" that leads to the ultimate reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. In addition, this creates a "proton gradient" across the chloroplast membrane. Its dissipation is used at the same time by "ATP synthase" to make ATP from ADP. The chlorophyll molecule regains the lost electron from a water molecule through a process called photolysis, which releases an oxygen molecule (02).
During photosynthesis, electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. Protons are also pumped across the membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Together, these processes facilitate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are used to power the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation.
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The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of the chloroplast?
The accumulation of protons occurs in the thylakoid space within the chloroplast during photosynthetic electron transport. This forms a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis during the process of photophosphorylation.
What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Water is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis to provide electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chain. This process releases oxygen as a byproduct. Additionally, water molecules help maintain the balance of protons and electrons within the thylakoid membrane during the light reactions.
What event contributes directly to the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?
The flow of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain contributes directly to the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. As electrons move through the chain, they pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, generating the proton gradient used for ATP production during photosynthesis.
What happens to the water molecules when the plants absorb light energy during photosynthesis?
Water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons when plants absorb light energy during photosynthesis. This process is known as photolysis and occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, while the protons and electrons are used to produce ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
What is the process by which electrons are restored to chlorophyll after photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, electrons from water molecules are used to replace the electrons that chlorophyll loses when it absorbs light energy. This process, known as the electron transport chain, involves a series of protein complexes that shuttle electrons and pump protons across the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. This generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, ultimately leading to the restoration of electrons to chlorophyll.
The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of the chloroplast?
The accumulation of protons occurs in the thylakoid space within the chloroplast during photosynthetic electron transport. This forms a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis during the process of photophosphorylation.
What gas is given off by plants during the photosynthetic process?
oxygen.
The electrons essential to the oxygen production process of the light reaction are taken from?
The electrons essential to the oxygen production process in photosynthesis are taken from water molecules during the light reaction in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. When water is split, it releases protons, electrons, and oxygen as byproducts.
Where does oxygen gas come from in photosynthesis?
Oxygen gas in photosynthesis is produced as a byproduct during the light-dependent reactions. During this process, water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons. The oxygen gas is released into the atmosphere as a result of this splitting of water molecules.
Electrons from what replaces the electrons from photosystem 2 during noncyclic electron flow?
water
Name of process when protons and neutrons react during nuclear fusion?
The process when protons and neutrons react during nuclear fusion is called nucleosynthesis. This is the process by which new atomic nuclei are formed from existing protons and neutrons.
What happens to electrons during ion formation?
During ion formation, electrons are either gained or lost by an atom. When electrons are lost, a positively charged ion forms (cation), and when electrons are gained, a negatively charged ion forms (anion). This process balances the number of protons and electrons in the atom to achieve a stable electron configuration.
What gas given off by plants to the during photosynthetic process is needed by living things?
Oxygen is the gas given off by plants during the photosynthetic process that living things need for respiration.
What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Water is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis to provide electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chain. This process releases oxygen as a byproduct. Additionally, water molecules help maintain the balance of protons and electrons within the thylakoid membrane during the light reactions.
What event contributes directly to the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?
The flow of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain contributes directly to the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. As electrons move through the chain, they pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, generating the proton gradient used for ATP production during photosynthesis.
The process of photolysis to release hydrogen ions electrons and oxygen occurs during?
The process of splitting water to release hydrogens and electrons occurs during the light dependent process. The photosynthetic process removes water and carbon dioxide from the environment.
What happens to the water molecules when the plants absorb light energy during photosynthesis?
Water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons when plants absorb light energy during photosynthesis. This process is known as photolysis and occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, while the protons and electrons are used to produce ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
