If the battery light comes on when you try to start your car, either your battery is low or your alternator is going bad. These can be checked by going to an Advance Auto or Auto Zone, they will test it for you for free.
When your car isn't starting the car you can't hear it while turning on the ignition. You're gonna have to check the battery and alternator as well before replacing a starter.
Starter that is going bad, out of time, or weak battery.
Yes, A car battery can have enough charge to turn on car electrical components but not start the car. This is not much of an indication of a bad battery however. Use a volt meter to test the power in the battery. If the battery seems low put it on a trickle charge. Most modern chargers will tell you if your battery is bad or not. The battery also has to be load tested to determine if it's good or not.
The battery light will be illuminated on the dashboard and later the battery will go flat as it is not getting charged Garages can check this for you if your battery is frequently getting flat.
Could mean that your alternator is bad and is stopping it from regenerating the power.
The quick easy method for determining a bad alternator or at least to find out if it is charging, while the car IS running remove the negative battery cable from the battery, if the car stalls then you need to have the alternator service inspected.
Start the car, unplug the battery the alternater should power the car. If it dies the alternator is bad. You can also get it checked at any parts store.
yes
your car will overheat, there will be low pressure on your system.
If you can get the vehicle to your local auto parts store, at no cost they can test the charging system and tell you what the problem is, be it a bad battery or alternator or what ever.
Bad starter, or dead battery. :) Or you could have a bad wiring connection. Oh yes, and your starter switch (where you put your key) could be going bad.