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Black asphalt becomes hotter than a white cement sidewalk by one thing. The reason it gets hotter is because black attracts heat.
The sun emits all of the electromagnetic spectrum. The part that heats the sidewalk is the infrared region which is invisible and has a long wavelength. Dark objects absorb much more heat than lighter objects so that asphalt pavement will get much hotter than concrete.
The darker the color of the road the more sunlight it absorbs. A white cement sidewalk is whiter which absorbs many of the colors making it cooler.
The concrete, being nearly white, reflected much of the Sun's infrared energy, while the asphalt, being black, absorbed much of the Sun's infrared energy. (Infrared radiation is associated with heat.)
A concrete sidewalk can absorb and retain heat, so it can be significantly hotter than the air temperature. On a 114°F day, a concrete sidewalk can easily reach temperatures of 130-150°F or even higher, depending on factors like sunlight exposure and time of day. This can cause it to be quite uncomfortable to walk on without proper protection for your feet.
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Blacktop tends to get hotter than sidewalk because it absorbs and retains more heat from the sun due to its dark color and composition. This can make blacktop feel hotter to the touch compared to sidewalk.
Black asphalt absorbs more sunlight and heat than white cement because it has a lower albedo, or reflectivity. The darker color of the asphalt allows it to absorb more of the sun's energy, which results in higher temperatures compared to the lighter-colored cement that reflects more sunlight.
The temperature above asphalt can be significantly hotter than over ordinary ground due to its ability to absorb and retain heat. Studies have shown that asphalt surfaces can be up to 50-70°F (28-39°C) hotter than the surrounding air, particularly in urban areas with a lot of asphalt surfaces.
Black asphalt would feel hotter on a sunny afternoon than white sand. This is because black surfaces absorb more sunlight and heat up faster than white surfaces, which reflect more sunlight.
A forest is typically cooler than a city during a hot summer day due to the shade provided by trees, the moisture in the air, and the lack of heat-absorbing concrete and asphalt. The city, on the other hand, can trap heat and experience the urban heat island effect, making it feel hotter.
Darker colors absorb more heat, that is why you seem more hot in a dark shirt, than in a lighter colored one.