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Such a vehicle is said to be parked.
As a general rule, a parked or stopped vehicle is almost never at fault for an accident. The onus is on the driver of the moving vehicle to make sure the way is clear.
As little as 4 hours.
In California, 4 hours.
driver of parked vehicle
If the other vehicle was parked, there was no other driver to have license, insurance or registration. The driver who hit the parked vehicle is at fault and is liable for all damages to the parked vehicle.
As long as the parked vehicle is parked properly and not illegally parked in any manner, then the vehicle that rear-ended the parked car is at fault. Now if the parked car is sitting illegally (such as double parked or parked in a no parking zone, etc.) then the parked car is at fault or even both the parked car AND the car that hits it are BOTH at fault.
Aeroplanes
No, if you are a passenger or are not actually in control of the vehicle. HOWEVER - if you are sitting behind the steering wheel of a vehicle - even though it is stopped, parked, or otherwise not in motion - you would be considered "in control" of the vehicle and you COULD be charged.
Flat on the ground
The driver that hit the parked vehicle would be at fault.
It is when your vehicle is obstrucing a wheelchair ramp, this can occur while you are parked or even stopped in front of a wheelchair ramp.