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Power is produced by the expanding gasses that have been ignited. These force the piston down. To maximise this power the ignition (spark with a petrol engine, injection with a diesel engine) it is timed to occur just before top dead centre of the compression stroke (upwards), when the air is at its maximum density.

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Q: Why is ignition timed at the compression stroke?
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Related questions

Which occurs just before ignition?

Intake stroke


What is the purpose of setting piston tdc compression stroke?

Both the distributor and the camshaft must be timed to the top of the piston stroke. * The camshaft controls the valve operation, and valves must be timed to open only when there will be optimum gas flow (both air/fuel mixture during the intake and exhaust gas flow during the exhaust cycle) * The distributor (or whatever other ignition timing scheme is used) must be timed to fire at the top of the compression stroke so that the engine will extract the most usable power from the combustion process. Note that ignition timing is dynamic, meaning that ignition timing changes as the torque and speed demands change.


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