Since I have no experience with Corvettes, this answer will of necessity be generic in nature until a Corvette expert can improve it.
General Motors vehicles usually connect the "other" end of the Negative Battery Cable somewhere on the engine block.
Usually this is done under one of the heavy bolts used to secure the exhaust manifold on the battery side of the engine, or under one of the bolts attaching an auxiliary bracket [as for the pollution control air compressor, or an alternator bracket.
The negative battery lead cable is to be connected to the negative lead terminal on the battery.
The battery cable that is grounded, is connected to the body of the vehicle. Sometimes it is the negative cable & sometimes it is the positive. You need to check which cable is connected to the body of the vehicle.
No, that cable is connected to ground, so it cannot short out.
Yes, if the negetive battery cable is not connected propperly to the battery, it will ruin the alternator and probably kill your car.
Start by removing the ground cable first(negative). Then remove the positive cable. At the base of the battery is a hold down clamp, held in by one bolt. Remove this and the battery will lift right out.
The negative battery terminal is marked with an minus (-) sign on the battery next to the post. It is the one with the black cable connected to it.
Connected to the negative post of preferably anyplace on the engine.
Batteries vent Hydrogen gas. You should always connect the positive battery cable first to avoid a spark at the battery that could cause the Hydrogen to explode. The negative cable should never be connected to the battery negative post. It should be connected to another ground area on the engine.
Red is positive. If they are both black then the cable that is connected to ground is negative and the other cable is positive.
Connect the positive cable to the positive battery post on the donor car and on the Corvette. Connect the negative cable to some metal part of each vehicle, such as the engine. Be careful of the fan blades on each car. Let the donor car run for approximately 15 minutes to put a slight charge in the battery on the Corvette before you attempt to start it. Start the Corvette and as soon as it starts disconnect the battery cables.
make sure positive cable is connected to positive post on battery. negative cable connected to negative post on battery.
The positive cable goes to the starter. The negative cable bolts to the engine block.