Sounds like it needs some lubrication. Try applying some graphite powder.
power steering
Sounds like a squeaky belt to me. Did your car sit out overnight or get wet. Does it go away when warmed up. Almost always the belt.
Hopefully, all you need is to add some power steering fluid. The cooler temperature at night can make the fluid you have compress and accentuate its lack, and a squeal occurs when more fluid is needed.
At least inspect when you hear squeal. Base further work on what you see.
There could be a number of reasons, but most times that has happened to me, the tires were under-inflated. Check your tires.
A loose belt. Most likely the alternator belt, if it doesn't squeal when you make a sharp turn.
no
Yes
It sounds like you have a belt that slips when you take off. This will cause a high pitched squeal.
Generally new pads will contain a layer of dust which causes the initial squealing. The squeal should go away after a bit if driving.
That depends on how, when and where it is squealing. For example, if the brakes squeal when applied, the brake pads are probably worn down. A squeal from the engine compartment whenever the engine is running could be a loose serpentine belt (especially if the squeal changes a little when you rev the engine).