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Bumpers and softer material deforms when force is applied. If they deform, they absorb some energy. When you hit a wall or a car, a bumper absorbs a part of the energy when you hit the wall. In some cases that difference sames a mans life.

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Q: How do car bumpers that collapse on impact help protect a driver?
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Bumpers are usually the first part of a car that connects in a collision. They absorb most of the impact. They are made to protect other parts of the vehicle, not the driver or passengers.


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For along time bumpers have been made to protect the bodywork of a car in the event of low speed collision, such as at stops or traffic lights. Bumpers are relatively cheap compared to body sections of cars, and often prevent a lot of body damage. In a high speed collision it doesn't matter whether you have bumpers or not, lots of bodywork will be wrecked.


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Areas where the structure in a vehicle is allowed to collapse and absorb the kinetic energy of an impact and reduce the kinetic energy transfered to the people in the vehicle. Normally it located in front portion of a vehicle for when you run into something or are hit head on. The original crumple zone was a section of the steering column that was cut and replaced with a tube of metal mesh. This allowed the steering column to collapse instead of thrusting back with the front axle and killing the driver. Later the bumpers were mounted on springs instead of rigid onto the frame or structure of the vehicle. Also known as the 35 mile per hour system. Anything under 35 was able to be absorbed by the bumpers. Then the front structural crumple zone was introduced that allowed the impacts greater then 35 miles per hour to be more surivable.


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