Depends.
It's not the rim diameter that's important, but the overall diameter of the rim + tire combo. If the overall diameter changes, your odo and your speedo will be off. Bigger diameter, they will read low. Smaller diameter and the'll read high.
But if you can go for a bigger rim, and a more low profile tire, then it's possible to ge the overall diameter to stay the same, and your gauges will still read true.
It changes the ratio between the drive differential and the wheels. Your odometer will read high for the distance traveled.
It will affect the speedometer. For example, bigger rims will make you go faster than what the speedometer is actually reading. If it say's 50mph with regular rims, then with larger rims you will be going faster.
Yes
No.
No you do not. Bigger tires and wheels have nothing to do with it stopping.
No direct comparison is possible. A mile is a measurement of length and an odometer is a device used to measure how many miles you have traveled.
18 inch rims are the max although you can go bigger with modifications.
no you buy the new rims to match the bolt pattern on your current rotors
Yes you can put bigger tires on your existing wheels up to a point. Talk to your local tire dealer and they can advise you on the biggest tires you can use.
18 inch rims will fit on your 2002 Cavalier. Any rims bigger than 18 inches will get against the wheel well.
You can stuff a pair of 20's on it nothing bigger.
NO! Even though they look the same, the center hole on 1987 up 8 hole rims are bigger than your 1983 rims.