"Neo-Marxism" as an actual trend does not really exist, it is simply a term used by people who do not know much about Marxism to refer to Marxists around today more generally. But the term is usually used to refer to Marxists writing in the post-war period up to today.
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Neo-Marxism emerged in the 1960s as a response to some of the perceived limitations of traditional Marxism. Influenced by critical theory and post-structuralism, neo-Marxists sought to update Marxist theory to address issues like culture, gender, and interdisciplinary approaches to understanding society. Some of the key figures associated with neo-Marxism include Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, and Theodor Adorno.