Karl Marx believed that the economy determined the nature of society. He predicted that society would be reduced down to two social classes: bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie is the class that owns the means of production, in other words, they would be the rulers of the society. The proletariat is the class that labors with out owning the means of production, in other words, the class that is ruled.
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The Marxist theory of social development. focuses on societal conflict. Marxism involves incorporating materialism into societal development by involving economic activities. to provide for the general population's material needs.
Marx identified historical epochs from the beginning of human existence - agrarian, feudal and industrial, and capitalist. All stages have an oppressor and an oppressed group - except for in agrarian society. Marx predicted that these stages follow in order and once the working class proletariat realise their exploitation (by gaining class consciousness) they will revolt against the capitalists and opt for a socialist society.
Marxist theory of social development views history as a series of class struggles resulting from the inherent contradictions in the capitalist system. Marxists believe that social change is driven by the conflict between ruling and subordinate classes, ultimately leading to a revolution that brings about a new social order. This theory emphasizes the importance of economic factors and the need for collective action to achieve a more equitable society.
The economic development ideas of Karl Marx has been used throughout history. Some of the categories used include communism, socialism, capitalism, feudalism, and viz-slavery.