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Babylon is natural crossroad of trade because it was located between Assyria and the City of Sumer.
I think there are four. Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, and Chaldea.
Sumer, babylon, assyria, Chaldean
Sumer,Babylonia,Assyria,and New babylonia
Sumer: Babylonia: Hammurabi Assyria: Chaldea: Nebuchadnezzar Most important: Nebuchadnezzar
Ur was a Sumer city before the Chaldeans took it. Then came changes to the reigns like the names Sumer, Assyria, Akkadian Empire and then Babylonia. The land was the same and in Hammurabi's rule, he kept build cities and protecting them.
partial empire
akkadian, babylonian,hittite, assyrian, chaldea,phoenician, israel
They both were made up of city states.
Well, stone age cultures were the earliest, but if you want actual civilisations? Probably Sumer, Assyria and Egypt
The three civilizations in Mesopotamia were called Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria.