The steady-state universe theory
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The theory that proposes the universe does not change with time is called the "block universe theory." It suggests that the past, present, and future all exist simultaneously and that time is just another dimension in which events occur. This theory challenges our traditional understanding of time as a linear progression from past to present to future.
Pulsating Theory According to this theory, the universe is supposed to be expanding and contracting alternately i.e. pulsating. At present, the universe is expanding. According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and the may contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.
The Steady State Theory suggests that the universe has existed forever, with no beginning or end. It posits that the universe has always looked the same and is continuously expanding as new matter is created to fill in the gaps left by the expansion.
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized people's view of the universe by introducing the concepts of space-time curvature, time dilation, and the interrelationship of mass and energy. It showed that gravity is not just a force acting at a distance, but a bending of space itself. This new understanding fundamentally shifted our perception of how the universe works and our place within it.
The big bang theory does not state that "the universe began with a gigantic explosion." The theory suggests that our universe originated from an infinitesimally small point called a singularity. Since all of space was all localized within this point, the rapid expansion of the universe isn't an explosion. An explosion occurs within space, but the expansion of space itself isn't an explosion. Quite simply, there isn't anything outside of space for the universe to explode into. Thus the "big bang" wasn't big, nor did it go bang. Around the time of the big bang (about 13.7 billion years ago), the universe was much hotter and expanding very rapidly (somewhat analogous to an explosion but by no means an actual explosion).
The theory of evolution explains the development of life on Earth over time through natural selection and genetic variations. It does not address the creation of the universe, which is typically studied under the field of cosmology. The Big Bang theory is a widely accepted scientific explanation for the origin of the universe.