The Greenhouse Effect.
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Yes, a majority of gamma rays are blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere acts as a shield against the harmful effects of gamma rays by absorbing and scattering them. Only a small fraction of gamma rays from space can penetrate into Earth's atmosphere.
Sulfur in the atmosphere combines with water vapor to form sulfuric acid, which then falls to the ground as acid rain. This can have harmful effects on the environment, such as damaging crops and aquatic ecosystems. Reducing sulfur emissions from sources like industrial activities can help mitigate these effects.
The ozone layer within the Earth's atmosphere acts as a filter for the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It absorbs most of the incoming UV rays, protecting life on Earth from their damaging effects.
Callisto, one of Jupiter's moons, has a very thin and tenuous atmosphere mostly composed of carbon dioxide. However, this atmosphere is too sparse to support life or have any significant effects on the moon's surface.
The Earth's atmosphere helps to block harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting living organisms from its damaging effects. It also blocks most meteoroids from reaching the Earth's surface, burning them up as they enter the atmosphere.