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Before a tornado occurs, the atmosphere needs to be unstable, with warm, moist air at the surface and cold, dry air aloft. Wind shear is also crucial, as it creates the rotation necessary for a tornado to form. Storm systems or supercell thunderstorms often provide the ideal conditions for tornado development.
A tornado usually forms from a mesocyclone, which occurs in the updraft or rear portion of some thunderstorms.
Tornadoes most often form in the rear portion of a thunderstorm, and are generally preceded by heavy rain, thunder and lightning, and occasionally large hail.
Sometimes tornadoes can evade radar detection. This most often happens if the tornado is short lived, and thus is missed as the radar beam rotates, or occurs far away from the radar. Fortunately this occurs less often with strong tornadoes.
Before it reaches the ground a developing tornado is known as a funnel cloud.
It is impossible to make long term predictions for when and where a tornado will occur. At best, we will know about this next tornado a few minutes before it forms.