Both rotate and revolve because of gravity. Rotations occur because of the center of gravity (which is why you have a better balance low to the ground). Revolving occurs because, in the Moon's case, Earth has a larger mass and pulls the Moon around it. The sun doesn't revolve, it stays still.
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True. The phases of the moon are caused by the positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon in relation to each other. As the Moon orbits Earth, the Sun's light shines on different parts of the Moon, creating the changing patterns of light and shadow we see from Earth as the phases of the moon.
The moon revolves around the Earth and the Earth revolves around the sun. The moon does not revolve around the sun.
It happens when the sun and the Moon are in alignment.
The changing phases of the moon are caused by its orbit around the Earth, which causes different portions of the moon to be lit by the sun as seen from Earth. As the moon orbits the Earth, the angle between the Earth, moon, and sun changes, resulting in the varying appearances of the moon's phases.
The moon has a gravitational effect on Earth that causes tides, which is not caused by the sun. Additionally, the moon has a surface with craters and mountains, while the sun is a ball of hot gases without a solid surface.